Wednesday, July 31, 2019

M11Cde Skills-Based Assessment

School of Engineering & Computing Department of Computing Internet Information Security (M11CDE) Layered Security Student Name: BUSA ABANG OBI SID:4560229 I certify that this is my own work yes/no and that I have read and understand the University Assessment regulations. Signature: [pic] Submission Details The details below indicate what you should submit, when you should submit it and where is should be submitted to. Submission Date and Method Deadline 11 January 2013 11:50pm online submission. Submission Format: 1. Fill the online quiz for the practical test which will be available one week before the final fixed deadline. . Download an electronic copy of this document and where there are blanks or spaces to complete addressing information etc. , please include them in the document. You submission should include the answers in the document, but do not change the document in any other way! If the document has been modified other than to include the required information your submissi on will be null and void. 3. Your files should be name as â€Å"SID_FIRSTNAME_SURNAME. doc†. E. g. 100292_FIRSTNAME_SURNAME. doc. 4. Save the configurations from all your network devices and embed them into the end of this document. 5.If you have attempted to configure VLANs, please also include a switch configuration from any one of your LAN switches. Please note that this must be a switch that you have actually configured VLANs on. 6. If you have implemented the network in Packet Tracer, you may consider submitting a copy of that as well but this is not compulsory. Zero Tolerance for late submission: If your work is late it will have to be marked zero according to new university policy. Please ensure you upload your work well before the deadline. You will be able to delete and update your work before the deadline. Plagiarism Note:As with all assessed work, both the research and written submission should be your own work. When submitting this work you are explicitly indicati ng that you have read the rules on plagiarism as defined in the University regulations and that all work is in fact your own, except where explicitly referenced using the accepted referencing style. Feedback and marking: The practical work will be marked by using the questions set in the online quiz and number of questions for each section will depend on the weightings set in the below sections. Feedbacks and marks will be provided once the online practical quiz is submitted.Network topology [Whilst the topology shows only two hosts on each LAN, you should configure four hosts on each LAN. ] Network Information The WAN IP network address between Dundee and Glasgow is 209. 154. 17. 0 with a subnet mask of 255. 255. 255. 0. The WAN IP network address between Edinburgh and Glasgow is 209. 154. 16. 0 with a subnet mask of 255. 255. 255. 0. This is clearly shown on the network topology. Dundee information The LAN for Dundee has been assigned an IP network address of 192. 168. 6. 0 Each s ubnet of the above network needs to accommodate 14 host addresses. The subnet mask will be 255. 255. 255. 40. This is worked out by borrowing 4 bits from the final octet and is shown in the table below. Table 1 Custom Subnet Mask for Dundee |255 |255 |255 |240 | |128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 |128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 |128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 |128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 | |1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 |1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 |1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 |1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 | Use the 6th usable subnet for the LAN.Do not use subnet zero as the first usable subnet. The table below shows how the 6th usable network can be identified. |Network |Network ID |First Host |Last Host |Broadcast |Mask | |0 |192. 168. 6. 0 |192. 168. 6. 1 |192. 168. 6. 14 |192. 168. 6. 15 |/28 | |1 |192. 168. 6. 16 |192. 168. 6. 17 |192. 168. 6. 30 |192. 168. 6. 31 |/28 | |2 |192. 168. 6. 2 |192. 168. 6. 33 |192. 168. 6. 46 |192. 168. 6. 47 |/28 | |3 |192. 168. 6. 48 |192. 168. 6. 49 |192. 168. 6. 62 |192. 168. 6. 63 |/28 | |4 |192. 168. 6. 64 |192. 168. 6. 65 |192. 16 8. 6. 78 |192. 168. 6. 79 |/28 | |5 |192. 168. 6. 80 |192. 168. 6. 81 |192. 168. 6. 94 |192. 168. 6. 95 |/28 | |6 |192. 168. 6. 6 |192. 168. 6. 97 |192. 168. 6. 110 |192. 168. 6. 111 |/28 | |7 |192. 168. 6. 112 |192. 168. 6. 113 |192. 168. 6. 126 |192. 168. 6. 127 |/28 | You should be able to identify the pattern (or magic number from the subnet mask). If it is not immediately apparent subtract the last non-zero octet from 256. Edinburgh information The LAN for Edinburgh has been assigned an IP network address of 192. 168. 5. 0 Again, each subnet of the above network needs to accommodate 14 host addresses.The subnet mask will be 255. 255. 255. 240. This is worked out by borrowing 4 bits from the final octet and is shown in the table below. Table 1 Custom Subnet Mask for Edinburgh |255 |255 |255 |240 | |128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 |128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 |128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 |128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 | |1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 |1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 |1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 |1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 |Use the 4th usable subnet for the LAN. Do not use subnet zero as the first usable subnet. You must follow the example for Dundee to complete the table for step 1 planning. You should be able to identify the pattern (or magic number from the subnet mask). If it is not immediately apparent subtract the last non-zero octet from 256. The elements of the coursework are: 1. Planning and assigning addresses [30 marks] 2. Basic configuration [40 marks] 3. Security ACLs [10 marks] 4.Security VLANs [20 marks] The basic theme is that Glasgow (GLA) is regional headquarters of the company. Edinburgh and Dundee are branch offices. Each network associate (student) will be responsible for an entire network. This means that using either the lab equipment in EC1-13 or Packet Tracer, you will configure 3 routers, 2 switches and 8 PCs. A network address and specific number of hosts per subnet has been assigned for the local LAN on each network (Edinburgh and Dundee).From the information provided, the subnet address, the subnet mask, the first and last usable addresses and the broadcast address for each site LAN need to be determined. (When using the router or Packet Tracer – it is expected that you keep a copy of your router configuration at each stage, just in case you run into problems). Step 1 Planning Using the chart below, plan the first ten usable subnets of the LAN address assigned to Edinburgh. You have been given the first 6 addresses for Dundee, you are now expected to plan for the first 10 addresses for Edinburgh. Subnet |Subnet |Subnet |First Host |Last Host |Broadcast | | |Address |Mask (/x) | | | | |0 |192. 168. 5. 0 |28 |192. 168. 5. 1 |192. 168. 5. 14 |192. 168. 5. 5 | |1 |192. 168. 5. 16 |28 |192. 168. 5. 17 |192. 168. 5. 30 |192. 168. 5. 31 | |2 |192. 168. 5. 32 |28 |192. 168. 5. 33 |192. 168. 5. 46 |192. 168. 5. 47 | |3 |192. 168. 5. 48 |28 |192. 168. 5. 49 |192. 168. 5. 2 |192. 168. 5. 63 | |4 |192. 168. 5. 64 |28 |192. 168. 5. 65 |192. 168. 5. 78 |192. 168. 5. 79 | |5 |192. 1 68. 5. 80 |28 |192. 168. 5. 81 |192. 168. 5. 94 |192. 168. 5. 95 | |6 |192. 168. 5. 96 |28 |192. 168. 5. 97 |192. 68. 5. 110 |192. 168. 5. 111 | |7 |192. 168. 5. 112 |28 |192. 168. 5. 113 |192. 168. 5. 126 |192. 168. 5. 127 | |8 |192. 168. 5. 128 |28 |192. 168. 5. 129 |192. 168. 5. 142 |192. 168. 5. 143 | |9 |192. 168. 5. 144 |28 |192. 68. 5. 145 |192. 168. 5. 152 |192. 168. 5. 159 | |10 |192. 168. 5. 160 |28 |192. 168. 5. 161 |192. 168. 5. 174 |192. 168. 5. 175 | For the WAN links for DUN and EDN the lowest usable address on the networks must be used. Identify and use the lowest usable WAN address for your S0 interface assigned to you for the two networks shown: 1 Dundee:209. 154. 17. 1 Edinburgh:209. 154. 16. 1 For security reasons, all of the production workstations will be assigned the lower-half of the IP addresses of the assigned subnet. All of the network devices and management stations will be assigned the upper-half of the IP address numbers of the subnet assigned for the L AN. From this upper half range of addresses, the Ethernet router interface (the default gateway on each LAN) is to be assigned the highest usable address. Identify the required IP address of the Ethernet interface on your two routers. Address of your Ethernet interface on Dundee : 192. 168. 6. 10 Address of your Ethernet interface on Edinburgh : 192. 168. 5. 78 The host (PC) configurations must also be planned. Using the table, complete the host information. |Branch: DUN |IP Address Range | |Production Host Range |192. 168. 6. 97——–192. 168. 6. 103 | |(Lower half) | | |Management Host Range |192. 168. 6. 104——–192. 168. 6. 10 | |(Upper half) | | [5 marks for ranges of addresses] Supply addresses for a production and management host. Production Host (1) IP Address192. 168. 6. 97 Subnet Mask255. 255. 255. 240 Default Gateway192. 168. 6. 110 Management Host (1) IP Address192. 168. 6. 104 Subnet Mask255. 255. 255. 240 Default Gateway192. 168. 6. 110 |Branch: EDN |IP Address Range | |Production Host Range |192. 68. 5. 65——–192. 168. 5. 71 | |(Lower half) | | |Management Host Range |192. 168. 5. 72——–192. 168. 5. 78 | |(Upper half) | | Supply addresses for a production and management host. Production Host (1) IP Address192. 168. 5. 65 Subnet Mask255. 255. 255. 240 Default Gateway192. 168. 5. 78 Management Host (1)IP Address192. 168. 5. 72 Subnet Mask255. 255. 255. 240 Default Gateway192. 168. 5. 78 Step 2 Basic Configuration Apply a basic configuration to the router. This configuration should include all the normal configuration items. You must supply one router configuration file. This will be either Dundee or Edinburgh. The router configuration files will be marked as follows: Basic Configuration †¢ Router name †¢ Console and VTY configuration and passwords (use ‘cisco’, ‘class’ and ‘berril’ for console, secret and VTY passwords r espectively) †¢ Interface configurations DTE/DCE identified appropriately and clockrates set only on DCE †¢ Routing correct and working (RIP is fine) †¢ Host tables †¢ Banner display before login – warn of unauthorised access Basic Configuration (40 marks) Security (ACLS – Marked as part of step 3) 1. ACLs correct and applied to correct interface in correct direction [10] 2. ACLs correct but not applied to correct interface or direction [7 – 9] 3. ACLs attempted but some errors or wrong placement [4 – 6] 4. ACLs attempted but incorrect and not applied properly [1- 3] 5. ACLs not attempted [0]ACL Total (Total 10 marks) Step 3 Security There are several security concerns in the Internetwork. Develop Access Control Lists (ACLs) to address security issues. The following problems must be addressed: 1. The production hosts in both the Edinburgh and Dundee networks are permitted HTTP access to the 172. 16. 0. 0 network, management hosts are p ermitted no access to this network. 2. The company has discovered an Internet Web server at 198. 145. 7. 1 that is known to contain viruses. All hosts are banned from reaching this site. The ACLs are worth 10 marks. Step 4 VLANsThis step is the final 20% of the coursework mark. To achieve this step you should consider how you might use a VLAN to separate the production and management LANs. The goal is that neither network should be able to see the other network traffic. There is no additional guidance on this part of the skills test as you are expected to identify: 1. An appropriate VLAN number to use for each VLAN. 2. An appropriate VLAN configuration. 3. Implement the VLAN and provide the switch configuration file(s) to show that the VLAN has been implemented. VLAN Marks The VLAN component will be marked as follows: VLAN configured and correct configuration supplied [20] †¢ VLAN identified but configuration incomplete or incorrect [10 – 15] †¢ VLAN attempted [5 â €“ 10 depending on level of attempt] †¢ VLAN not attempted [0] VLAN (Total 20 marks) Appendix Network device configurations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] Press RETURN to get started! Router>enable Router#configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router(config)# Router(config)#hostname EDINBURGH EDINBURGH(config)#line console 0 EDINBURGH(config-line)#password ciscoEDINBURGH(config-line)#login EDINBURGH(config-line)#exit EDINBURGH(config)#line vty 0 4 EDINBURGH(config-line)#password cisco EDINBURGH(config-line)#login EDINBURGH(config-line)#exit EDINBURGH(config)#enable password cisco EDINBURGH(config)#exit EDINBURGH# %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console EDINBURGH#configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. EDINBURGH>en Password: EDINBURGH#config t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. EDINBURGH(config)#enable secret class EDINBURGH(config)#exit EDINBURGH# SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console [pic] [pic] EDINBURGH#configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. EDINBURGH(config)#interface serial2/0 EDINBURGH(config-if)#ip address 209. 154. 16. 1 255. 255. 255. 0 EDINBURGH(config-if)#no shutdown %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up EDINBURGH(config-if)#exit %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up EDINBURGH(config)#interface fastethernet0/0 EDINBURGH(config-if)#ip address 192. 168. 5. 78 255. 255. 255. 240 EDINBURGH(config-if)#no shutdown LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up EDINBURGH(config-if)#exit EDINBURGH(config)#router rip EDINBURGH(config-router)#network 172. 16. 0. 0 EDINBURGH(config-router)#network 192. 168. 6. 0 EDINBURGH(config-router)#network 192. 168. 5. 0 EDINBURGH(config-rout er)#network 209. 154. 16. 0 EDINBURGH(config-router)#network 209. 154. 17. 0 EDINBURGH(config-router)#exit EDINBURGH(config)# banner motd #warn of unauthorised access# EDINBURGH(config)# banner login #do not enter if you are not authorized# EDINBURGH(config)#ip host DUN 209. 54. 17. 1 192. 168. 6. 110 EDINBURGH(config)#ip host GLA 172. 16. 1. 254 209. 154. 16. 2 209. 154. 17. 2 EDINBURGH(config)#exit EDINBURGH# %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console EDINBURGH#copy running-config startup-config Destination filename [startup-config]? Building configuration†¦ [OK] EDINBURGH# EDINBURGH>show host Default Domain is not set Name/address lookup uses domain service Name servers are 255. 255. 255. 255 Codes: UN – unknown, EX – expired, OK – OK, – revalidate temp – temporary, perm – permanent NA – Not Applicable None – Not definedHost Port Flags Age Type Address(es) DUN None (perm, OK) 0 IP 192. 168. 6. 110 209. 154. 17 . 1 GLA None (perm, OK) 0 IP 172. 16. 1. 254 209. 154. 16. 2 209. 154. 17. 2 EDINBURGH> [pic] [pic] [pic] EDINBURGH#show r Building configuration†¦ Current configuration : 1291 bytes ! version 12. 2 no service timestamps log datetime msec no service timestamps debug datetime msec o service password-encryption ! hostname EDINBURGH ! ! ! enable secret 5 $1$mERr$9cTjUIEqNGurQiFU. ZeCi1 enable password cisco ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ip host DUN 192. 168. 6. 110 209. 154. 17. 1 ip host GLA 172. 16. 1. 254 209. 154. 16. 2 209. 154. 17. 2 ! ! ! ! ! ! interface FastEthernet0/0 ip address 192. 168. 5. 78 255. 255. 255. 240 ip access-group 100 in duplex auto speed auto ! interface FastEthernet1/0 no ip address duplex auto speed auto shutdown ! interface Serial2/0 ip address 209. 154. 16. 1 255. 255. 255. 0 ip access-group 10 out ! interface Serial3/0 no ip address shutdown ! interface FastEthernet4/0 o ip address shutdown ! interface FastEthernet5/0 no ip address shutdown ! router rip network 172 . 16. 0. 0 network 192. 168. 5. 0 network 192. 168. 6. 0 network 209. 154. 16. 0 network 209. 154. 17. 0 ! ip classless ! ! access-list 100 deny tcp 192. 168. 5. 72 0. 0. 0. 7 172. 16. 0. 0 0. 0. 255. 255 eq www access-list 100 permit ip any any access-list 10 permit any access-list 10 deny host 198. 145. 7. 1 ! ! ! no cdp run ! banner login ^Cdo not enter if you are not authorized^C banner motd ^Cwarn of unauthorised access^C ! ! ! ! line con 0 password cisco login line vty 0 4 password cisco login ! ! ! endEDINBURGH# EDINBURGH#show access-lists configuration EDINBURGH(config)#access-list 100 deny tcp 192. 168. 5. 72 0. 0. 0. 7 172. 16. 0. 0 0. 0. 255. 255 eq 80 EDINBURGH(config)#access-list 100 permit ip any any EDINBURGH(config)#interface fastethernet0/0 EDINBURGH(config-if)#ip access-group 100 in EDINBURGH(config-if)#exit EDINBURGH(config)#access-list 10 permit any EDINBURGH(config)#access-list 10 deny host 198. 145. 7. 1 EDINBURGH(config)#interface serial2/0 EDINBURGH(config-if )#ip access-group 10 out EDINBURGH(config-if)#exit EDINBURGH(config)#exit EDINBURGH# %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by consoleEDINBURGH#copy running-config startup-config Destination filename [startup-config]? Building configuration†¦ [OK] EDINBURGH# [pic] EDINBURGH#show access-lists Extended IP access list 100 deny tcp 192. 168. 5. 72 0. 0. 0. 7 172. 16. 0. 0 0. 0. 255. 255 eq www permit ip any any Standard IP access list 10 permit any deny host 198. 145. 7. 1 EDINBURGH# [pic] EDINBURGHSWITCH CONFIGURATION Switch>en Switch#config t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Switch(config)#hostname EDINBURGHSWITCH EDINBURGHSWITCH(config)#line console 0 EDINBURGHSWITCH(config-line)#password ciscoEDINBURGHSWITCH(config-line)#login EDINBURGHSWITCH(config-line)#exit EDINBURGHSWITCH(config)#line vty 0 4 EDINBURGHSWITCH(config-line)#password cisco EDINBURGHSWITCH(config-line)#login EDINBURGHSWITCH(config-line)#exit EDINBURGHSWITCH(config)#enable password c isco EDINBURGHSWITCH(config)#exit EDINBURGHSWITCH# %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console EDINBURGHSWITCH#config t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. EDINBURGHSWITCH(config)#enable secret class EDINBURGHSWITCH(config)#exit EDINBURGHSWITCH# %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console EDINBURGHSWITCH# EDINBURGHSWITCH#config tEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. EDINBURGHSWITCH(config)#interface vlan1 EDINBURGHSWITCH(config-if)#ip address 192. 168. 5. 77 255. 255. 255. 240 EDINBURGHSWITCH(config-if)#no shutdown %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Vlan1, changed state to up %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Vlan1, changed state to up EDINBURGHSWITCH(config-if)#ip default-gateway 192. 168. 5. 78 EDINBURGHSWITCH(config)#exit EDINBURGHSWITCH# %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console EDINBURGHSWITCH#copy running-config startup-config Destination filename [startup-config]? Building configuration†¦ [OK ]EDINBURGHSWITCH# EDINBURGHSWITCH#vlan database % Warning: It is recommended to configure VLAN from config mode, as VLAN database mode is being deprecated. Please consult user documentation for configuring VTP/VLAN in config mode. EDINBURGHSWITCH(vlan)#vlan 10 name production VLAN 10 modified: Name: production EDINBURGHSWITCH(vlan)#vlan 20 name management VLAN 20 added: Name: management EDINBURGHSWITCH(vlan)#exit APPLY completed. EDINBURGHSWITCH#config t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. EDINBURGHSWITCH(config)#interface fastethernet0/2 EDINBURGHSWITCH(config-if)#switchport mode accessEDINBURGHSWITCH(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10 EDINBURGHSWITCH(config-if)

Tuesday, July 30, 2019

Malcolm X Essay

1.What details of the events has each writer selected to focus on? Each writer selected to focus on the person that Malcolm X was overall. I believe that they put so much emphasis on the events that took place up until his assassination to show how important he was. Each person meant what his purpose was in the ballroom that day. Each writer also mentioned how many people were there to show his importance also. One crucial detail was that Malcolm X was shot by a member of his own race. 2.How has each writer organized the details that have been selected? Each writer organized the details as if they were watching a television show. They presented the end result first. Then they explained what led to that outcome. Afterwards they explained the reaction the assassination. I can relate to the way they organized the details. When I witness or find something out, I normally say what happened. For example, â€Å"Amber, the car is broken.† Of course the next question would be, how? 3.How does each writer interpret Malcolm X, his followers, the gunmen, and the significance of the assassination? Each writer perceived Malcolm X to be a leader, respected by many. They showed how relaxed he was when the argument began. His followers were in shock because he showed them how to be calm and control themselves through hard times. The gunmen were perceived as someone Malcolm X had problems with in the past. The assassination was shocking because he was killed by a black man when he focused on the mistreatment of the whites. 4.How has each writer used language to express his or her perspectives and to influence the thinking of the reader? Each writer used language by explaining the emotions of everyone when the assassination occurred. The writers wrote in a way to show how important Malcolm X life was. I think that expressing how you felt on a situation is the best way to connect to writers. Your feelings can help others relate.

Monday, July 29, 2019

Strengths and weaknesses of English orthography Essay

Strengths and weaknesses of English orthography - Essay Example Finally the experienced reader in English is served well with the language. Homophones: Differentiation between homophones or similar sounding words is achieved successfully by English orthography. For example, the words hour and our though pronounced similarly are distinguished by the usage of h in the first word. This can help to remove any ambiguity when a reader reads the written language. Etymological relationships between words: Usually an abstract underlying representation or morphophonemic form is seen to be represented for English words. For example, dipped, loomed and looted have different pronunciations of the usage of -ed, which is pronounced as (t), (d) and (Id) not represented to the reader. The abstract representation of words is also a relative strength as it indicates the etymological relationship between words. Thus while writing English becomes a little difficult, it makes learning English a relatively easy process (Chomsky 1970:294, Rollins 2004:17). Creativity: The inconsistency in English spelling can also be considered advantageous as it gives way to creativity and allows people to pronounce words in their own personal way. Slogans in creative communications are witness to the fact, which is an activity that can not be taken up for other languages (Venezky, Children of the code interview, undated). Spelling and pronunciation inconsistency: As per Laubach, "English is

Sunday, July 28, 2019

Ethic issue Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Ethic issue - Research Paper Example thought as being a reformer, a non-government official, first run for office - an operator who was going to come in and get it done," said Pat Fanning, a veteran New Orleans legitimate advisor and no fan of the past two-term pioneer. Prosecutors contended that Nagin who is 57-years old was at the focal point of a kickback plot in where he was issued with checks, money, wire exchanges, personal favors and free go from specialists looking for contracts and great treatment from the city. He is jailed for 20 years , though, Fanning said he was likely to serve 14- to 17-year term. A January 2013 prosecution nitty gritty more than $200,000 in fixes to Nagin and his relatives, professedly gained an excursion in Hawaii; top notch airfare to Jamaica; private plane travel and limousine for New York City; and cell administration. In return, organizations that hacked up for Nagin and his family got above $5 million in Orleans’s contracts, as stated by the January 2013 prosecution. Throughout the two-week trial, prosecutors brought to the stand a string of businesspeople who had officially conceded to paying off Nagin. His defense finished little to test their stories. When Ray Nagin took the stand to defend him, he denied the charges citing that he cannot recall who paid for his trips. Ray Nagin was an opportunist who would use the businessmen who needed contracts from the government for his own personal gains as testified by the business men who turned convicts. â€Å"Every time a contractor critically needed something from Mayor Ray Nagin, he would seize that opportunity to get something in return,† (New York Times Feb. 10). Aristotle accepts that the help of the a lot of people outweigh the benefit of the few. In any case, Aristotle says that this is just the case in compelling circumstances and that the singular ought to be, however, of and dealt with first and in the event that we are to deal with the few, the numerous ought to be dealt with. Which is evident in Ray

Has neoliberalism impacted men and women differently Essay

Has neoliberalism impacted men and women differently - Essay Example The emergence of neoliberalism and the globalization however, also brought forward the different social and political inequalities. The changing social order which took place as a result of the neoliberalism is believed to have taken the women out of the family equation and has placed her in the midst of crisis. What is so important with the neoliberalism is that it pushes the regulation of a society out of the hands of government and places it in the hands of market with the belief that the social equality and justice will be restored. Due to the market driven social, political and economic policies, the overall labor force has became more mobile and women are now being considered as the vital part of the overall labor force of any country. The question of whether this shift towards the neoliberalism has affected men and women equally or in different manner therefore is a valid question which this paper will attempt to explore. A quicker look at the definition of neoliberalism shall be a starting point to discuss the issue of how the neoliberalism has actually affected men and women. ... Though the notion of poor gets poorer and rich gets richer has been highlighted what is also significant to note that the above definition has highlighted the issue of economic policies which are relatively free from the influence of State. Neoliberalism in this regard therefore is a completely new philosophy outlining the lesser role of State and therefore greater power to be given to the market forces. Thus the ultimate goal of neoliberalism is to expand and intensify the markets to such level that every transaction takes place based on the market forces. The ultimate objective of neoliberalism therefore is to envisage a world where every aspect of life is governed by the markets. One of the aims of the neoliberalism therefore are to convert most of the social acts and relations according to the market transactions thus allowing competition to take place between each being. Economic rationality therefore is considered as the driving philosophy behind the regulation of a perfect soc iety. This also means that the overall social relations, gender specific roles as well as the position of man and woman radically altered as a result of this shift towards the more market oriented society based on the notion of economic rationality. Since economic competition served as the guiding principle therefore the maximization of the neoliberalism’s ideology. It is in this wake the sex or gender specific roles have reversed also due to the increasing emphasis on the competition and market driven social relations. The basic ideology of liberalism is based on the liberty and freedom and thus this very fact outline the disappearance of the social relations which might result into any kind of handicap between the social relations and compromise the liberty

Saturday, July 27, 2019

Conflict management and negotiation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Conflict management and negotiation - Essay Example In almost every task,preparation spells the difference whether the task has a big chance of being a success or coming out as a failure,A good plan means that the communicator is able profile the other person to acquire as much information as possible on how to interact with that person that would bring about the best results Furthermore, during the course of a conversation for negotiation or conflict management, a good communicator should be aware of the reaction of the other person. Just like Newton's Third Law of Physics, â€Å"for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction† (Bonito, 2004, p. 705). Reactions could range from verbal to non-verbal cues. After a conversation, the communicator should be able to reflect on the ways he or she is able to converse with the other person (Gross & Alberts, 2004, p.252). What went wrong? What was good? How can things be improved? Furthermore, a deeper reflection would have the communicator realize the many possibilities of how the words would be absorbed by the other person (Bonito, 2004, p. 706). Completing this process would eventually result in better communication skills for the person, particularly in terms of negotiation and conflict management. This paper aims to analyze the responses from the questionnaire and come up with a reflection on improving the weaknesses in the cognitive communication competence of the respondent. COGNITIVE COMMUNICATION COMPETENCE 2 Summary of Responses Planning Cognitions Questionnaire answers show that planning cognition is not the strongest ability of the respondent. However, it is also not weak. Diction, tone of voice, and facial expression appear to be the primary concern in approaching another person. â€Å"What the others are thinking or talking about?† appears to be the key question in the planning process. This is a safe approach because it shows that the respondent considers the other person before starting a conversation. The downside here is that the respondent could be considering the other person too much, which could affect the planning process. Modeling Cognitions Upon review of the responses, this appears to be one of the strengths of the respondent. The respondent shows a sharp skill in sizing up the situation and the reactions and responses of the people involved in the conversation. This is obvious in group conversations, where the respondent shows a great ability to detect whose approval to immediately gain in the group. There is some sort of a political sense at play during this process, where the respondent is smooth in the subtle skill of â€Å"divide and conquer.† Presence Cognitions This appears to be one of the respondent's strengths in communication and negotiation. The respondent is able to proactively think of the next step even before everyone else has moved forward. This stems from the respondents ability to size up the environment and the people involved in the conversation. Rebuttals to arguments are almost non-existent, because they are answered before they are even expressed. The respondent also knows how to inject his/her COGNITIVE COMMUNICATION COMPETENCE 4 position by subtle control of the flow of conversation. Reflection Cognitions The respondent shows a need for improvement in this area. After every conversation, a thorough reflection of what occurred should immediately follow. This would ensure a better interaction the next time he or she encounters the same people, especially if about the same topic. Moreover, the respondent should also reflect on the image he or she is able to portray to others. No process is perfect as it is, and a constant desire to learn from what has transpired is a good characteristic for continuous development. Consequence

Friday, July 26, 2019

Consensus Between Violence And Argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Consensus Between Violence And Argument - Essay Example Eristic dialogue covers argumentation, a social debate where victory over an antagonist is the primary goal. This art of right argument protects their self-interest incoherent dialogue and in the process of dialogue. The art of argumentation is used in law, in trials when preparing arguments for court presentation and in the testing legitimacy of evidence.Right argument comprises identifying premises where conclusions are derived, the establishment of â€Å"burden of proof† to determine the person who made an initial claim and identifying goals of contributors in dialogue. At the end of an argument, a valid conclusion must be given with good reason explaining the same. A good argument must be built with two premises and one concluding remark. Argumentation is good in a situation where evidence does not exist especially in handling scientific, epistemic, nature, and moral where science cannot apply. Violence is good in handling dispute like border disputes, insurgency, and host ility.In politics, some kinds of argumentation are morally wrong, and some kinds of violence are morally right. Argumentation is never a solution in many nations since it only works when there is peace in the nation, and no other nation wants to attack the nation in question. Argumentation is morally upright only if the nations under conflict also handle disputes through argumentation. If the nations under disagreement handle the dispute in different angles, then violence is morally right for a nation to defend itself from intrusion.

Thursday, July 25, 2019

Food and Culture in Boston Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Food and Culture in Boston - Research Paper Example The food culture in Boston is shared largely with the food culture in New England, owing to the fact that in both regions, seafood marks the main recipes for almost every single meal that is prepared in the region (Freedman, n.p.). Dairy products also characterize the food culture in the Boston region, where most of the meals must have a dairy product component as a core recipe, not only for the home cooked foods but also for the restaurant foods. This is because; the Boston region has passed its home-based food culture to the restaurants, such that there are many restaurants in Boston that serve ethnic cuisines (La Befana, n.p.). The ethnic food culture in Boston is not only related to the American cuisines, but also to cuisines from different parts of the world, such that in the larger Boston area, different cultural restaurants serving cuisines from different parts of the world exists, such as the Italian, Korean, Thai, Chinese, Japanese and Vietnamese foods (BDG, n.p.). The culin ary life of the Boston region has undergone a renaissance over time, owing to the market culture and the bounty agricultural production, which has enabled the region to have a variety of food substances for preparing different recipes and cuisines. The market culture referred, to as the Haymarket, consists of farmers selling different agricultural products on a weekly basis, where the farmers hold an open-air market for selling mainly fruits, vegetables and dairy products (BDG, n.p.). History of culinary evolution in Boston  Ã‚  

Wednesday, July 24, 2019

Case Analysis of Omega Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Case Analysis of Omega - Essay Example As a result the bottom line corporate profits suffered in relation to a more efficiently structured performance management system. The measures that follow constitute an in-depth analysis of the steps that were taken to develop a more efficient performance management system, as well as a recommendation on the means by which Omega, Inc. can continue to move towards a more efficient model. The performance management system at the Omega corporation began with a training program designed to coach the sales professionals to a level of proficiency The individual subsidiaries then agreed and collaborated on the development of a performance management and evaluation system. The first step in the initiation of this system was to develop a thorough job description of the sale’s position and distribute it to the sale’s professionals at all the subsidiary branches. Furthermore, a mission statement was developed about the corporate aims and the intended goals of the sales professionals and distributed in the same manner as the job descriptions. The mission statement was also included prominently among the sale’s offices and meetings were held were subsidiary managers informed the sales professionals about the mission statement and company goals. In addition to these measures, formal performance management steps were taken to institute a performance evaluatio n program. Specific performance goals were set for each employee. The sales professionals were also required to attend thorough training sessions. During the training course the sales professionals received feedback about their performance. Feedback mechanisms were also instituted on the job as managers continued to inform the sales professionals of their performance. While these methods were a step ahead of the past method, they ultimately were unsuccessful as the sales professionals had no means of keeping track of their own

Tuesday, July 23, 2019

Enterprise Information Architecture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Enterprise Information Architecture - Essay Example Data security helps maintain privacy of data. There are a number of data security technologies to support this process. They are as follows: The topic of my research paper is Enterprise Information Architecture that strategically brings together the information architecture of the organization in a well-documented and logical manner. EAI integrates the information architecture of within an organization in such a way that the organization wide elements of goals, objectives, strategic plans etc also encompass within the architecture.1 EAI aims to provide an architectured environment to the organization that delivers high quality, system integration, time saving and reduction in costs. This aim is achieved by EAI by eradicating or reducing data redundancy within the operational systems, eradicating or reducing process redundancy within the operational systems, and by minimizing the complexity of extracting data from the operational environment into the data warehouse environment. The EAI is often known as a vehicle that provides a road map to development of an architectured environment. The EIA has three sub-architectures and they are as follows: Business architecture: This includes corporate data model (business oriented and integrated view of the data that is important to the organization), function model (decomposes the core business functions performed within the organization), interaction model (a matrix that shows which data is updated, deleted or important), current systems model (inventory of current systems implemented within the organization). Technical architecture: This depicts the existing and desired technical environment of the organization. It also includes an inventory of the systems of the existing technical environment as well. Organization architecture: This reveals the processes from the function model that are performed by each unit within the organization. It also shows the organizational structure but at a higher level. Below is the breakdown of the EIA:Enterprise information architecture is a model that has four levels and they are as follows: Physical level: This level encompasses the computer hardware of the organization, network interface, telecommunication facilities and the LANs that support the intranet and extranet. Previously systems in organizations used to be monolithic and centralized but now they are more decentralized and distributed in the form of client/server, network-based computer systems etc. Information level: This level is concerned with the information of the organization like databases, model bases, knowledge bases and metabases. This

Monday, July 22, 2019

The Underneath Essay Example for Free

The Underneath Essay The book I most recently read is The Underneath by Kathi Appelt. The book is a fictional book where all creatures can talk to each other. The book has a strange way of telling its story. The story follows many points view, the cats, Grandmother Snake, the Alligator King, Ranger, Gar Face, and more characters. Somehow all of these characters stories tie up together. The book mainly follows the cat’s story. The story starts of when the calico cat, or the mother cat, which was pregnant was abandoned on the highway trying to look for a home. She then finds her way to an old tilted house where a bloodhound called Ranger lives. She liked Ranger but Ranger had an evil owner called Gar Face. Because of Gar Face the calico cat had to stay under the house, which was called the Underneath. After a while the calico cat gave birth to two kittens, Puck and Sabine, and from them did the calico cat made her rule, â€Å"Stay in the Underneath, never go in the Open. † At that part everyone else’s story starts to connect. Gar Faces story finally comes in, and we learn why he is so evil. The story explains about his past when his father bet him and he ran off into the woods. He was hungry, sad, tired but most of all angry. Later he hunts down this deer which he shot and for hours he chased it until it finally gave up and fell, and he learned two things that day how to hunt and survive in the wild and hatred. Later in the story we find out about Grandmother Snake and the Alligator King and they become very important in the end of the story. But Grandmother Snake is filled with loneliness and hatred from her daughter leaving her and from the jar she is stuck in. The Alligator King also has a rivalry between himself and Gar Face. One day one of the kittens, Puck, went out to the Open and got caught by Gar Face and his mother tries to help but she got caught also, leaving Pucks sister behind with Ranger tied up to his chain. They both were put in a bag and when they were in the bag the calico cat asked her son to promise her to break Rangers chain, and Puck kept his promise. That’s when Gar Face threw the bag with the two cats inside into a pond where the calico cat drowns. In the end the Grandmother snake breaks free from her jar and helps Ranger break free. Puck starts attacking Gar Face and at one point Puck pounced on Gar Face’s face where Gar Face grabbed him and threw him into the lake, and Gar Face kneeled down to pour water o his face from the lake, and the last thing he saw was a big grin from the Alligator King. Then finally Ranger and the two kittens were able to run off to a place far away.

Starbucks Corporation Essay Example for Free

Starbucks Corporation Essay Problem:The problem is anti-globalization which makes more difficult for Starbucks to enter in new markets. Symptoms:1. Protests from anti-globalization activists. 2. If those activists have enough media power it leads to international scandals sometimes even involvement of celebrities (who also might be activists of anti-globalization). And finally the worst situation for Starbucks:3. They receive push-backs in new markets. That is why Starbucks needs to establish some systematic method or decision process which would work equally around the world by helping to say: To open new shop in certain place or not!?Alternatives:I. To try to solve problems with anti-globalization activists. +/- If Starbucks could solve this worldwide conflict they would go in the history, but by my mind it is impossible to speak with those people by continuing to go globally. It is in what they believe and they will not change their mind. II. To work with the media of regions they want to go in. Everybody knows that big power is in hands of people who have good relationships with the biggest media. Starbucks has to use it:†¢Maybe they has to involve in requirements for their next foreign partners that they need to be in good relations with mass media (like biggest newspapers and TV channels):+ They could overpower anti-globalization activists. + They could make better PR of themselves. Then it could start some media wars, because they can not be sure that some of media companies also are not anti-globalists. It could be quite a hard for Starbucks to find such a partner with the required contacts. III. To promote loudly and more active that they have very friendly Environmental Mission Statement. Spend money that this message would go globally. + Nowadays, when there is so much pollution and foodstuffs becomes modified Starbucks should make global marketing campaign where they would tell everybody that how their work is to: instilling environmental responsibility as a corporate value and that they uses environmental products.- It will require big money. IV. For each market to work out the strategy that they uses the coffee from the best coffee fields of this particular country where they are planning to go in. + It means that they can show in the numbers how many working places they will give and that coffee growers in this country will not gong to suffer, but at the same time in the coffee shops for those who want it they also offers coffees from different regions around the world. Of course it is not 100% diminishing the possibility of anti-globalist activities. V. In place of searching partnerships in the new place to sell franchises. Franchise vs. Partnership:+ This person would be more interested that there would not be push-backs because he will be 100% owner of Starbucks coffee shop/s.- For the person who buys franchise it would be more difficult to open Starbucks because opening costs for one coffee shop is high. + He will know better the ethical things which Starbucks can not step over. It will be harder for franchiser to catch up this know-how which Starbucks has and he can loose the Starbucks identity. + It is always more acceptable for the locals if it is international but belongs to the local guy and even more better if it is well known person or this fact is nicely showed in the media.- For the franchiser it will be more complicated to follow the statements of the employment policys benefits packages, shares for employees est. Partnership vs. Franchise:+ Starbucks owns its coffee shops and has to pay to his partner 20 to 50%.- Starbucks it is not local they are Americans. + Starbucks has very good and well established know-how of everything starting from choosing coffee and ending with their employee polices. + Starbucks can make one and united mission statement and goals and what are the most important they can control it. + By giving franchise Starbucks can not control the brand is it made correctly, even Starbucks has not standardized places, but they adapt their coffee shop to each place and culture. + Starbucks cant be 100% sure that their partner will be the right person and will bring the best ideas and outcomes. Recommendations:I would choose to implement Alternative # III and # IV. To make louder marketing campaigns, to make better and louder PR that is what is needed for Starbucs. To become more local they need to support locals. I would suggest doing it because Starbucks are very profitable company which means that they can spend more money for good PR and many charity activities in the country they are or want to go in. Implementation:Global marketing campaigns:1st step:To come together and to decide what kind of activities they could support in each country whether it would be one system for all or case by case decision. My suggestions would be:It would be better that all society in each country  they come in would feel that they bring not only American coffee shops but also something to their nation or community. That is why I would choose to implement case by case decision what kind of charity support it will be. ~ For Example: Also as I mentioned to make some Coffee Planters Associations in each country where they come in and in which country can be planted coffee. It would make better relationships with society and also they will gain the opportunity to get good coffee (they can also educate planters). ~ For Example: They can open in each country some Starbucks Rio (as example) Interests Organization where they could for example support youngster graffiti contests (it is only as example, because in Rio they had vandalism cases (but this example is only in case if this is the real problem), so, the main thing is that they need to find core of the problem points when they will come in new place and by smart and intelligent ways to solve it. It means that: 1st they have to find out what problems they will facing in this new place and 2nd only after finding some interesting and socially responsible way to solve this problem to go publicly with the announcement that they will open Starbucks in this place. That will help to make good PR for Starbucks before entering the market. 2nd step:To decide how to promote globally that they are very friendly to the environment?My suggestions would be:As I told it is very important that company is friendly to the environment. Starbucks has to show it and best way is to show with the help of promotions. They have to hire the best and most creative promotion agency and together think about the strategy they can show their attitude to the environment. In general:I can suggest improving the relationships with mass media and try to find out why they are writing or showing what they do and creating bad PR for Starbucks. I can suggest working more with governments of the places where they want to go in because we know that governments have an access to mass media. I would suggest never overstepping ethical issues of countries. But more of everything I would suggest to stay as friendly as they are and try to conquer societys hearts by building that they are not Americans but they are cosmopolitans and their Starbucks in particular country is not any more American Starbucs but completely adapted to the country they come in. stategic managemet 7th edition. charles w.hill and gareth r.jones

Sunday, July 21, 2019

Importance Of Corporate Social Responsibility Within Hospitality Industry Tourism Essay

Importance Of Corporate Social Responsibility Within Hospitality Industry Tourism Essay It is recognized fact that the complicated and serious environmental and social issues need strict and serious concerns of business and investment societies. Apart of the challenges this provides professionals a golden chance to contribute in solving these issues through their corporate social responsibility policies and make their business or brand well known. The following formal report shows how and why Corporate Social Responsibility is important in a business specially in hospitality industry and how big hotels implement their Corporate Social Responsibility policies in their organisations to achieve their goals and what did they get in result. Many groups of hotels such as Marriott, Lancaster and Apex are implicating different CSR policies, plans and strategies and having positive results. Approximately 275 Marriott hotels and buildings have changed in green hotels and have achieved Energy Star Label from the Environment Protection Agency. On the other hand Lancaster hotel which is holder of Green Tourism for London Silver Award has its own green team who investigates and suggests the ways how to reduce carbon emissions and wastes. Most of the restaurants can include in corporate social responsibility by recycling their cooking oil. For example in the UK McDonalds started to convert their cooking oil into bio-diesel and now it is running its vehicles on that cooking oil. Olympic 2012 games are going to be held in England, the following report includes how many extra visitors are going to visit UK. Some problems indicated which could be faced by hospitality industry and report includes some suggestions for these problems. Corporate Social Responsibility is the continuing promise by organisation to act graciously and provide to the economic expansion while improving the quality of life of the employees and their families as well as of the local society(www.mallenbaker.net) According to Andriof and Mclntosh (2001) Corporate Social responsibility is that an organisation does has some flow-on effect either outside or inside the organisation, from employees and customers to communities and the environment. They argue that these impacts have ripple effect on society that can be divided into three categories. These are: Social Education, social issues and employee volunteering etc. Economic Jobs, product value and trading standards etc. Environment Emissions and waste control, energy use, product recycling and sustainability progress etc. IMPORTANCE OF CSR IN BUSINESS Now a days businesses specially hospitality industry is emphasizing on the importance of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in business. CSR is not only about doing good things, it also proposes business benefits and the best way to have attraction of media, publicity, respect in society and in its customers and customers not only want to go to respected business, they persist on it. This way on one side companies are doing good things to the community and customers and on the other hand increasing their business. These are some reasons organisations pay attention on their CSR policies and always try to improve them. BENEFITS OF CSR IN BUSINESS There are many benefits of CSR in business, some of them are Social Engagement with the local community and authorities Good reputation of business Globalization Economic If an organisation has good reputation it is easy to recruit people Less turnover because of good reputation can decrease cost of recruitment Workers are more productive Good publicity in media could be the cause of rise in profit Environmental Friendly and green environment Energy saving Waste control Recycling THE ROLE OF CSR IN HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY The increasing pressure in the media, from government and customers for more actions on the environment is forcing increasing hospitality industry to implement new strategies, plans and environmentally friendly policies. Many hotels are adopting new technologies to reduce their wastes, recycling procedures and saving energy by acting on environment policy. For example. Lancaster hotel (holder of Green Tourism for London Silver Award) has its own green team who calculate everything hotel is doing and advise ways how to reduce carbon emissions and wastes. Lancaster hotel is using energy saving bulbs in their rooms to save energy and when a guest comes in room they have a message on TV that how we are working with green environment and how you can help. They collect different wastes separately such as bottles, papers and cardboard which helps to recycle waste easily. By doing so they have saved 7000 pounds this year against their landfill cost (www.bighospitality.co.uk). According to the Paul Sault Apex Hotels group director of revenue and commercial strategy, the paybacks of the environment and waste policies are not only restricted to the cost, we have also developed encouraging relations with customers, suppliers and the local society. (http://www.hotel-industry.co.uk) On the smaller level, many hotels in the UK have already agreed to use beginning green actions such as, most of the hotels are using now card key switches for air conditioning and electricity, linen cards for sheets and reusing towels, making sure that energy bills are much reduced.( www.hotel-industry.co.uk) For helping local community and other communities Lancaster hotel has got almost half of its guests support. New strategies of the management was they added  £1 donation with every guests invoice and at the end hotel raised  £2,443. They donated this money for charity purposes. To boost the knowledge of the hotels green policies between staff, guests and suppliers hotel raised  £500 in another fund raising effort, and donated in the green project called Lets Go, Lets Grow (www.bighospitality.co.uk) On the other hand it is really hard to tell whether hotel is actually green or not. Marriott is trying hard to be in the front row of hotels for the attention of green travel in the world. By comparing itself with other brands such as Hilton and Wyndham Marriott set out many new steps, organisation can act on specifically in five key areas: water, waste, green building, supply chain, helping protect the rainforest and guest and employee engagement. One of the programs Marriott has launched is Green Your Stay in which they offer every guest who book with them $10 for minimum stay or $1 for each day for carbon produced during their stay. Another plan of Marriott to act on is green hotels and buildings. Approximately 275 hotels have already achieved Energy Star label from the Environment Protection Agency.( www.earthandindustry.com) RECYCLING CSR STRATEGY Most of the restaurants can include in corporate social responsibility by recycling their cooking oil. For example in the UK McDonalds started to convert their cooking oil into bio-diesel and now it is running its vehicles on that cooking oil. By doing so McDonalds estimated that it can save per year 1,675 tons of carbon which is equal to removing 2,424 cars from the UK roads.( www.caterersearch.com) If all restaurants start following this procedure and send extra diesel to the fields for tractors they can help a lot to the environment to go green and can save thousands of tons of carbon every year. This procedure almost cost nothing if we compare to the benefits. Already many hotels and restaurants have started this recycling procedure and helping society and saving their cost for disposing the oil. Cost Recycling cooking oil into bio-diesel cost is almost nothing if we compare with benefits. For average restaurants Bio Diesel Processor is available only for  £315 in the UK and it can generate 160 liter oil per day with very little effort.(www.yorkshiregreenfuels.co.uk) Benefits This recycling procedure has many benefits such as, if restaurants start recycling cooking oil rather than disposing into the sewerage system they will help to decrease pollution from the environment. It will help to generate their own oil and will increase their profit They will not have to pay for their recycling oil Save energy and recourses Decrease of pollution HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY AND OLYMPIC 2012 GAMES What hospitality industry going to do for Olympic 2012 Games? UK going to be one of the busiest countries of the world in 2012 because of Olympic games. 500,000 extra visitors are expected 27,500 media and broadcasters 14,700 athletes will visit the UK and 18 million meals are expected to be served . These extra visitors are going to boost UK economy but is UK ready to take this challenge? The 2012 Olympic games give employers an exclusive chance for encouraging their personnel to volunteer and have concerned in maintaining sports and events in their communities. Chief executive of volunteering England, Justin Davis Smith says that I would urge to all employers to get involved in 2012 games by sustaining their staff in volunteering it will be a massive one off the national carnival. (www.volunteering.org.uk) As hundreds of thousands of visitors are coming to UK there will be a problem for their accommodation and hotels will need more staff for busy timings. So this plan for volunteering new staff could be helpful for their business. It will help them in many ways such as on one side it is good thing to do on other side it will help employees to develop their new skills and improve their motivation and mainly it can be helpful when economic atmosphere is miserable for some people and they are helping their local community by creating more volunteering vacancies. This is one of the good examples of corporate social responsibility for 2012 Olympic Games. (www.volunteering.org.uk) IS HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY READY FOR OLYMPIC 2012? SUGGESTIONS As mentioned above in 2012 Olympic Games 500,000 extra visitors are expected in the UK with 14,700 athletes and 27,500 from all over the world. The main problem will be accommodation for that number of visitors in one year. Some people prefer to stay in big luxurious hotels and some cannot afford to stay in that hotels and they stay in guest houses. There could be shortage of guest houses in the surrounding area of Olympic Village and it could be difficult in future. Big hotel organisations should invest and help small hotels and guest houses for that situation and they should open some new small hotels and guest houses in the surrounding areas. This will help hotel community to share their profit and deal with the busiest situation and that could be profitable for big hotels as well. By doing so they can earn profit as well as helping their community. As we know people are coming from different places of the world and they speak different languages, probably they will not be very good in English language. Hotels can play vital role in this situation by providing their guests travel books and other informative recourses in different languages. Big hotels also should higher some translators for that situation to assist their guests. In this case they will help society and their customers and they can attract more customers by providing these facilities. Another problem could be food problem, mentioned above 18 million meals are due to be served by FB. Big restaurants need to higher chefs from different origins who know how to make different kind of food according to different countries for their customers comfort. CONCLUSION Corporate Social Responsibility plays a key role in business. People are becoming more aware of the environmental issues and they prefer to be customers of eco-friendly businesses, therefore CSR has become a need for any business. Hotels are trying to be in the first row of the green travel in the world, for example, Marriott and other big groups of hotels such as Apex and Lancaster hotels are also implementing CSR policies in their organisations to be the part of green environment. This way they have increased their profits and helped to create eco-friendly environment. Hotels and restaurants need to adopt new CSR policies as McDonalds is recycling cooking oil into bio-diesel and driving its vehicles on this oil and Lancaster hotel is collecting donations and donating them in different charity organisations. England has won the tender of Olympic 2012 Games with CSR and now it is responsibility and challenge for big industries (hospitality industry) that how they implement their CSR policies in 2012 Games. Hospitality industry is going to face many challenges which are mentioned above such as, accommodation, different languages and variety of different meals and they need to prepare for these challenges.

Saturday, July 20, 2019

Revising Education :: essays research papers

THE IDEAL CLASSROOM STRUCTURE   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The education system in the United States is completely confused; I do not think that any attempts to modify the current system will ever work. Deborah Tannen also sees this problem. She sees the disorder lying in a gender gap, miscommunication between sexes, and a battle between man and woman in the classroom. Tannen thinks the current curriculum can be successful if we only work out the few kinks between the male and female learning process. I disagree, I believe this country needs to completely reevaluate and rebuild education from the bottom up. The solution will not involve sorting gender or tougher standards. We do not need to make students take tests to try and figure out what subjects are considered problem areas (as Massachusetts has decided to do), though this could arguably lead to some basic improvement. We must reconsider everything we think we know about what children ought to learn, and especially the methods used to teach this material to them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Instead of forcing facts and figures on students and separating subjects with bells, why not connect ideas and integrate these areas of interest. Let’s completely engulf and engage students in learning, here is a typical day in the ideal classroom:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mrs. Smith’s fourth graders are learning about redwood trees. Her classroom has one big circular table, and this morning it is covered with the magazine cutouts and photographs of redwood trees that the students have been passing around and discussing. There is a scale model of an average redwood tree next to a house, built in art class using Popsicle sticks and glue. Mrs. Smith asks questions about the size of the tree compared to the house. In the real world, the house is thirty feet tall but on the table it is only four inches high. The boys and girls can figure out the height of the tree involving their unit in math on multiplication and fractions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Next, Mrs. Smith brings out some construction paper and paste. Before they begin cutting out and designing their own redwood trees, the students watch a short movie protesting deforestation. They are asked to think about the dangers of cutting down so many trees and write short essays and poems about their ideas.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Now the class is outside around the school looking at trees around the playground. They can even make rubbings of the bark on different trees.

Friday, July 19, 2019

Paths of Glory, by Stanley Kubrick Essay -- Papers Film Cinematography

Paths of Glory, by Stanley Kubrick The movie Paths of Glory, directed by Stanley Kubrick, dealt with the harsh conditions in the trenches during WWI. In the movie several fighters were persecuted for pulling back during an impossible attack. The movie tactfully questioned the authority of superior officers. The way the hierarchy in the army is depicted in the film made me question the integrity of the unit. I was perplexed by the concept that one person could have so much power over another. The movie diplomatically handled the plot by showing different aspects of an officer’s life. One of the aspects of the movie which brought to life the emotional trauma of the war was the use of music and instruments. The very beginning of the movie was filled with the use of drums. This symbolized the terror and complexity of the subject matter. It did this through the deep and vibrant sounds; the deep sounds depicted the feelings of the soldiers as they were confused as to what to do in the situation they faced. They had to move b...

Comparing Ulysses and American Beauty :: comparison compare contrast essays

Ulysses and American Beauty      Ã‚   In the "Nausicaa" chapter of James Joyce's Ulysses, a virginal exhibitionist, Gerty McDowell, flashes her "knickers. . .the wondrous revealment, half-offered like those skirt-dancers" at Leopold Bloom, igniting his sexual fireworks on a beach in Dublin (366). In a film set almost 100 years later in an American suburb, another virginal seductress flips her dance skirt, giving admirers a peek at her panties, and inspires Bloom's modern incarnation, Lester Burnham, into a similar burst of auto-eroticism.    The "metempsychosis" of Leopold Bloom into Lester Burnham isn't the only astonishing similarity between Ulysses and American Beauty. When screenwriter Alan Ball accepted the 2000 Golden Globe and Academy Awards for his screenplay of American Beauty, he owed a substantial debt--albeit universally unnoticed and, as he claimed in a telephone interview, "unintended"--to Joyce's masterpiece, the book chosen just months earlier by the Modern Library editorial board as the "best novel" of the Twentieth Century.    Yes, the ending of American Beauty represents a major departure from the plot of Joyce's novel--but an explicable one in a modern update of the Ulysses saga. Late twentieth-century audiences, who have become desensitized to escalating media violence over the past 100 years and have, in fact, developed an appetite for gore, require a bloody resolution. Despite the ending, we are left with striking reincarnations of Irish urbanites into suburban American personalities.    Consider other parallels: heroes Leopold Bloom and Lester Burnham (same initials, LB) are both middle-aged, middle-class, mediocre, unappreciated admen (Lester describes himself as "a whore for the advertising industry"[49], neither of whom has had sex with their wives in years . Ultimately both Bloom and Lester yearn to regain the past unity and warmth of their homes.    Bloom muses, "I was happier then" and fantasizes he could "somehow reappear reborn" to his marriage bed with wife Molly (728) while Lester tells us, "That's my wife Carolyn. . . . We used to be happy" and vows, "It's never too late to get it back" (2, 5). Both also feel displaced by a growing estrangement from their teenage daughters: Bloom's surviving child, Milly, and Lester's only child, Jane.    To compensate for their non-existent sex lives, both Leopold and Lester turn first to solo sex in the bath (or in Lester's case, the shower) and both enjoy adulterous, guilty dreams of unorthodox sexual practices, often accompanied by flower imagery.

Thursday, July 18, 2019

Wide Reading

Describe a character that interests you in The Fat Man and explain why that character interested you. Colin a 12 year old boy interested me from the book The Fat Man by Maurice Gee. Colin is a hungry boy caught up by the effects of the Depression. He learns from the fat man that his dad was a bully in school and the fat man wants revenge for what they did to him. Colin is interesting because of the time he lives in and because he has to learn truths about his parents and being brave and helping Verna.We learn from the book that Colin is a hungry skinny 12 year old boy who is always desperate for food. As it was the Depression there was not enough money to buy food to eat. Laurie (Colin’s father) has trouble finding a job and getting enough money to feed his family. In the book it tells us that Colin is a hungry boy with the quotation â€Å"Colin Potter was a hungry boy. † The other quotation â€Å"They were hard times. There were hungry times† tell us that Colinà ¢â‚¬â„¢s dad can’t find a job and get money that they need to buy food and they were quite hungry when Laurie couldn’t earn money.I thought this was interesting as it is different from how children nowadays are being brought up in New Zealand and having enough food for the whole family to have plenty to replenish their hunger when we are hungry. It is hard to imagine how New Zealand children were like during the Depression, hungry for food. Colin is interesting because he has a scary encounter with the fat man and learns that he wants revenge for being bullied by Colin’s father at school. Colin meets the fat man at the creek. The fat man holds him back even though he doesn’t want to and discovers Colin had stolen his chocolate.The fat man soon discovers that Maisie and Laurie were Colin’s parents. The fat man tells Colin about his parents. How his father bullied him at school and farting and blaming everything on the fat man. Laurie and his friends also spat sandwiches everyday at the fat man and made him eat them. â€Å"I cried too, everyday for a year. Pottsie liked it†. It tells us that Laurie made the fat man cry as he bullied him everyday for a year and the fat man hated it a lot. The second quotation â€Å"Then they’d spit on it†¦ Spit sandwich was its name.I ate one of those everyday. † The fat man had to go through Laurie and his friends spitting sandwiches on him everyday and he didn’t like it. It is very interesting seeing how Colin deals with truths about his father. In Colin’s eyes, his father seemed smaller to him now. Colin is a very interesting boy as he was very kind and supportive towards Verna when she had hard times. Despite Colin being very afraid of the fat man and the bullies at school, Colin stands up for Verna and walks her home even though he knows that the Rice gang is going to get him soon.Colin walks home with Verna. The quote in the book is â€Å"I’l l walk with you† which was very kind of him even though he didn’t want to. Colin’s bravery to me makes him a very interesting character. Colin is a very interesting character in this whole story. He overcomes his fear of the fat man and the bullies at school because he was a kind boy and wanted to help Verna. I also learnt more about the Depression – how many people could not find jobs and therefore their families could not afford food.

Wednesday, July 17, 2019

Psychological Effects one can have due to Sleep Deprivation Essay

According to Kozier et Al. (2002), ease is the state of being conscious wherein on that point is a go down of perception, and reaction to the surround of an individual(a) (p. 953). calm exerts physiological shake on twain the nervous systems and separate trunk structures and too it restores normal levels of use and balance among parts of the nervous systems (p. 956). thither ar twain types of stillness, nonrapid middle movement slumber short ease and rapid eye movement residue eternal rest, nonrapid eye movement recreation stillness or non- rapid eye movement ease repose is a deep, restful cat balance and some physiologic functions were decreased.It is excessively referred to as a low wave kip be instance when a psyche stops the spirit waves disco biscuitds to heavy than the alpha and beta waves of an awake person. orthodox calmness stillness is divided into four legs demo 1- very light sleep wherein the person feels drowsy and relaxed, st p rogress 2- light sleep that allow for last only from ten to fifteen minutes, stage 3- domination of parasympathetic nervous system nervous systems that slows down the heart and respiratory rate as intumesce as other trunk processes and some sentences snore may croak and the fourth stage forget be the deep sleep is thought to restore the proboscis physically, dreams and wheeling of the eyes may occur in this stage. other type of sleep is the rapid eye movement sleep or the rapid eye movement sleep that constitutes 25% of sleep of a young adult and commonly recurs every ninety minutes and lasts v to thirty minutes. On the other hand, dreams in paradoxical sleep sleep were commonly remembered because it is consolidate in the memory (pp. 953-954). There argon umpteen factors that may affect sleep of an individual, quality of sleep and quantity of sleep were both affected by a number of factors.The quality of sleep is the index of an individual to stay asleep and to admi t the required amount of REM and NREM sleep while the quantity of sleep is the gibe age the individual sleeps. Age, surroundings run down, life style, mental underlinees argon estimable some of the factors that indeed affects the sleep of an individual (p. 956). Literature Review In an mesh article, they listed six persons that incur a ploughshare in sleep investigate. A french Scientist Henri Pieron authored a book entit guide Le probleme physiologique du sommeil, which was the first text to examine sleep from a physiological perspective.This work is usually regarded as the beginning of the modern feeler to sleep research. Dr. Nathaniel Kleitman, now known as the Father of Ameri layabout sleep research, he started working in Chicago in the 1920s questioning the regulation of sleep and wakefulness and of circadian rhythms. Kleitmans life-and-death work included studies of sleep characteristics in different populations and the transaction of sleep neediness. A nonher contri furtheror is questioning the regulation of sleep and wakefulness and of circadian rhythms.Kleitmans all important(p) work included studies of sleep characteristics in different populations and the effect of sleep going. Dr. William C. Dement extensive Dr. Kleitmans path of research. Dement descri rear end the rotary nature of nocturnal sleep in 1955, and in 1957 and 58 established the family between REM sleep and dreaming. In 1958, he published a idea explaining that in a quiescency cat in that respect is a cyclic organic law existence, thus creating an explosion of fundamental research that gathers researchers from different fields of specialty.For the next 20 years, Michel Jouvet leads to an identification of REM sleep as an in betent state of alertness, which he called nonsensical sleep. Another i is H. Gastaut and his colleagues discovered the armorial bearing of apnea during sleep in a subgroup of Pickwickian patients (1965) that lead them to an outbreak of investigations of the contain exercised by the sleeping humor on the personates vital functions. His work eventually led to the new discipline of sleep practice of medicine (A brief history of sleep research, n. a. ). remainder deprivation and its causes According to Kozier et Al. (2002), sleep deprivation is only one out of many common sleep disorders. They defined sleep deprivation as a syndrome of protract mislayance that leads the amount, quality, and consistency of sleep to decrease and thus produces a variety of physiologic and lookal symptoms, its harshness will depend on the degree of the deprivation. Again there are two types of sleep deprivation REM and NREM deprivation, the combination of the two deprivation increases the severity of symptoms.Alcohol, barbiturates, shift work, outpouring lag, extended ICU hospitalization, morphine, and meperidine hydrochloride are the causes of REM deprivation, while all of the causes of REM deprivation plus diazepam flurazepam h ydrochloride hydrochloride, hypothyroidism, depression, respiratory di emphasise disorders, sleep apnea, and age causes NREM deprivation, and both REM and NREM deprivation is caused from the combination of both REM and NREM deprivation causes (p. 959).Another cause of sleep deprivation is from the psychological tensity wherein anxiety and depression frequently disturb sleep. A person cant relax adequately to get to sleep if he or she is having a personal problem. Another factor is alcohol and stimulants, populate who drinks alcohol excessively has the higher rates of sleep disturbances. Alcohol disrupts REM sleep even though it fastens the onset of sleep. Diet- weightiness loss is accompanied with reduced total sleep time as well as broken sleep and forward awakening.Smoking, cigarettes contains nicotine that has stimulating effect on the body and may cause in fuss of falling asleep. Motivation, persons impulse to stay awake can cause a fatigue, and illness, an ill person is more prone to sleep deprivation, in their cultivate they need to have more sleep, but a patient in a hospital is disturb by their time to take their medicines, and respiratory conditions can also disturb sleep thus unreassuring their total time of sleep a person is required to have (p. 956). mental and physical do of sleep deprivationThe effects of sleep deprivation to the body is like a chain reaction, its main(prenominal) target is the soul, since the brain is the control whole of the body, the brain controls and is responsible for the homeostasis of the body, once the brain is affected many imbalances may occur. For REM deprivation excit exponent, restlessness, irritability, increased sensitivity to pain, sloppiness and suspiciousness, and emotional liability can possibly be the effects. For NREM deprivation one may show hyporesponsiveness, withdrawal, apathy, feeling physically uncomfortable, neediness of facial expression, and speech deterioration.For both REM and NREM d eprivation, inattentiveness, decreased conclude ability and the ability to concentrate, marked fatigue manifested by blurred vision, itchy eyes, nausea, headache, encumbrance in per makeing activities of daily living, lack of memory, mental confusion, visual or auditive hallucinations and illusions can be its primary effects to ones both psychological and physical aspect of a person. Since variant is one of the major factor bear on sleep deprivation whether its psychological or physical idiom.As you hypothesise more and focuses your mind into the problem, your mind will become more fatigue (p. 959). ground on the book by Biron et Al. (2006), stress may lead to some psychological problems and may interfere with effective intrapersonal and the intrapersonal behavior of the individual. A person experiencing prolonged nerve-racking events may suffer from feelings of helplessness and hopelessness, and consequently, undermining his self-importance esteem. Impaired proletariat perf ormance is another(prenominal) effect of stressful mind it interferes with our ability to successfully perform a task and responsibilities expected.And disruption of cognitive functioning, people who are under stress are presumable to experience loss of concentration, disorientation, and forgetfulness (pp. 184-185). Treatment for sleep deprived persons According to the book make by Kushida (2005), pregnant women are also prone to sleep deprivation. In treating sleep deprivation for pregnant women, they recommended seven handlings to understate maternal and fetal health dangera) women should try to seep on the unexpended side and avoid sleeping in supine position.Avoiding it will ease the stress of the heart, will reduce constriction of the property available to the fetus, will reduce wring to the inferior vena cava that carries blood approve to the heart from the feet and legs, b) if symptoms of RLS are present, consider an military rating of ferritin, hemoglobin, and folate levels and supplement when indicated, c) treat sleeping- abrupt breathing with CPAP, d) avoid staying in bed when unable to seep, e) address anxiety kindle issues to reduce overall level of arousal, f) cipher regular exercise, pregnant women who exercise tierce times a week for at least thirty minutes have less insomnia and anxiety than pregnant women who do not exercise, and g) treat psychophysiological insomnia with empirically support cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (p. 185).Another form of treatment is discussed by Greist and Jefferson (1992), psychosurgery is a exalted treatment it is not then wise if other treatments have not been tried to a patient. Careful neurosurgical interruption of brain pathways has been shown that fifty percent of patients has been helped to this kind of treatment (pp. 79-80).Conclusion Sleep is really a helpful in obtaining our health it restores our bodys energy. Sleep deprivation is not really a syndrome but an effect due to some di sturbances, stress, and anxiety that makes our brain to send signal to our body to be awake, an unnecessary awakening that affects our total time of sleep.When our body is stressful or lack of average sleep needed by each individual, our brain do not work properly thus alter our lifestyle, our ability to think and cope up with problems, and then other diseases may occur if not direct taken to concern, because stress attacks our brain and knowing that our brain is the control center of our body.Recommendation If sleeplessness and the listed signs and symptoms occur, it will be a clever closing if you consult a Doctor immediately prior to health concern. It is also a best way if symposiums will be conducted or seminars that discuss about Sleep deprivation to school and or universities so that students and educators will be aware to the effects of sleep deprivation that one can possibly have due to body exhaustion and abuse.

Tuesday, July 16, 2019

An Analogy of a Plan Cell to a Country

An Analogy of a Plan Cell to a Country

A cell wifi device can be a literary fantastic means to remain connected when traveling inexpensively.the president in a country know its important information, he good gives out laws that have to be carried out by the people and leads the own country mitochondria-power plant- this is the ‘powerhouse of the cell or city.The mitochondria logical and the power plant both provide the energy for the great city or cell to use. mitochondria short breaks down food molecules and convert how them to energy for cells. power nuclear plant generate and supply energy for the country.The medical clinic differs depending on where you reside.vacuoles store materials for the cell. stores around the country. it stores necessay materials such as food and clothes for people Ribosomes/ Food producing factory (protein factory)- the ribosomes and more food producing factory are both where the production of binding proteins occur. ribosomes produce protein from information extract from the dna giv en by the nucleus.

The first early stage of the cell cycle is called interphase, that is the longest period of the five.If you have got a unlocked phone, when in China you can merely receive a SIM card that was regional.Mobile cellular phones are regarded as a mixed blessing.A weaker cell would lead to an imbalance.

The best way Lysosomes Work epithelial Cells wish to consume as a way to how find energy to perform their job.Shared intranasal drug use armed might be a risk aspect.The aim of a lysosome is to complete break down molecules and waste goods though it has a few purposes that are higher secondary too.Crafting a decision to summarize ideas and your different points provides a way for your viewers get in contact with you to secure more additional information or to look into the topic.

But an analogy describes one thing that is particular keyword with respect to another to emphasize the ways.If youre trying to past compare strategies be sure that you give take a look at our comprehensive guide on such promotions and the Verizon Fios bargains.A couple essential own plans wont, which usually means you wouldnt have the mental ability to use your cell phone whatsoever worth while there.The precise value of your radiation treatment is dependent on mental health cares cost where you live which sort of electromagnetic radiation therapy you get and what number of different treatments youll need.

Monday, July 15, 2019

People’s Home Gadgets Essay

1. support advice to Paula regarding the temper of the HR strategy of rules she should pep up for the node advantage exemplifications at the half dozen stores. on that point is a occupation that PHG has face up employee disorder issues the figures indicates everyplace the 70% to a greater extent than circumspections expectation. To reduce, knock oer over issues Id desire advise an onward motion of stainless requital systems employees assume their fee base on their surgical operation, it makes exalted upset issues that crocked a representative who has r are expertness when he piloting PHG stuffs. However, former(a) race who merchant shipt gross revenue as to a greater extent than as gross sales upper side representatives stop up they got a piteous salary. So I recommend Paula to do set in motion amend salary policies careless(predicate) of their sales abilities.2. happen upon a set forth wind strategicalal surgery number one wood for this organization.They hand over strategic process number one woods found on low equals- lavishly caliber policies. It indicates a magnetic core invention of competition. In different words, it is called apostrophize leading strategy. By heavy(p) prices, they are cap up to(p) to get a high food market smudges more that other private-enterprise(a). To take hold that position they ever fancy in celebrate of cost benefits.3. How do the customer do representatives play to the strategic process number one wood you place?The fellowship take backs representatives a savvy which is able to pull up stakes get off prices by keen go on of percentages. It was a extraordinary policy. Finally, it makes them to represent cost leadership so illustrated polices could give club a competitive edge in the market. A processes that establishing strategic mathematical process is following.4. material body an HR system to perform the strategic performance driver you identified. Be certain(prenominal) to apologize how you would (a) bearing the lock

Sunday, July 14, 2019

Oil, War and U.S. Foreign Policy. Essay

The struggle a scorest Iran by the Anglo-the Statesn soldiery forces has been in preparation since nineties as throw in a subdivision of their bulkyer center eastern f on the whole in body politics strategy. A consider of sources consume lately report plans by the Persian prexyial term to expose a upper- solecism letter of Iran anoint bourse and this valet de chambre power be the hole-and-corner(a) docket s lend the intelligible meet to utter of re universal of fight by the Anglo-Ameri mint powers on Iran. The anoint bourse line of c reddishit is a red herring which departs the oversight of flock from the squ argon geopolitical causal style which is loafer the received designer for the adjoin to the warfare which is a spirited riskiness racy on the thermo atomic implement.In 1996, dickens neo-conservatives, Douglas Feith and Richard Perle who after(prenominal)wardwards melt down an grand eccentric in the c at one timeptuali zation of the Pentagon constitution in the centre easterly chthonian the provide cheek writered a authorship which was pre directed to the select Israeli roseola see gum benzoin Net severallyahu. The advisory paper, A impertinent neglect A rude(a) corpse for Securing the ground, had the figure of devising Net eachahu to tame a brush betray from the mollification pact branch.Feith and Perle analogouswise demanded Net bothahu to modulate the demur of Israel a soak upst Syria and Iraq and to round complicate Iran as the brinytain for Syria. some(prenominal) than a social class forwards the solvent of the product line US electric chair George W scouring of his go against and amazement occupation trading operations against Iraq, he micturate his January 2002 State of the pith call which is instantly disreputable to the relation back in which he Iran, unitedly with mating Korea and Iraq as members of the axis of rotation of pest iferous trio. This occurred in advance allbody in capital of Iran had understand up considered establishing an inunct bourse in trading ve lendable crude anele in unhomogeneous currencies. consort to Engdahl, the US believed that the capital of Iran anoint bourse would be the casus belli, which would spark off the thrust of cap d blade the bridle-path to the legalness of annihilation of Iran, which seems to be establish on the beliefing that trading on crude openly to opposite e asserts in pick bug out currencies would machinate capital of Iran cast in to scrutiny a grasp of reddents in which vendee after runer, nation after nation, would come to buy anoint no presbyopic- give-up the ghosting in US vaulting horses besides in euros.This in offer fit in to an argument, would allow to a dis whitethorn in re stupefy of the US virtuoso dollar bills on the populace overseas exchange grocery stores and as well as hold up to the rump le of the purpose of the US dollar as the keep back currency, which is nonp areil of the pillars of the US imperium. concord to Engdahl in his admit, A blow of fight, the foot of petrodollar recycle in 1974, which is a appendage where the by and so US repository of state heat content Kissinger was late regard, worry to anoint expenditure raise of four hundred% and this was orchestrate by the governing body of ve featureable rock crude fossil anele color colour color merchandise Countries (OPEC).Engdahl puts it that US dollar did non curb to incur a petrodollar still though Kissinger accentuate the surgical procedure of cycle petrodollar. fit in to the author, what Kissinger was referring to was the inception of a pertly leg of array man(a) hegemony of US in which the mountain pay from the petrodollar of OPEC anoints lands would be recyc conduct back to the hand of the major capital of the unite Kingdom and bran- new York banks and ulterior re-lent in the relieve one egotism of US dollars to an opposite(prenominal) nations which are insufficient in rock oil oft(prenominal)(prenominal) as genus Argentina and brazil nut and this ternary to the instauration of what was presently to be cognize as the Latin the States debt crisis.By this judgment of conviction, the US dollar had been a social club do since tremendous 1971 by-line the annulment of the Bretton timber accord and refusal by the correspondly US hot seat Richard Nixon to present US dollars which were held in international rally banks for gold. delinquent to the four hundred% join on in oil bells, nations much(prenominal) as Ger numerous, France, and lacquer shortly had the soil to buy oil in their dumb ensnare currencies with the figure of slighten the contract on their re serves of trade dollars which was speedily declining. This guide to the climaxing up of the Pentagon and US con figureity partly with their p rivate statesmanship by Kissinger by boss around little terrors fit to Engdahl, the US array were sent to Afghaniistan for ii master(prenominal) under rests the starting clock m reason was to renovate and guard the solid grounds bigst supplier of opium in the world musical com plant at the corresponding time expend the drugs as a geopolitical weapon against their opponents curiously Russia. The mformer(a) of the drug market is an inbred particle for the liquid of the befoul and conk start rampart avenue monetary market. U. S. host and CIA Interventions in the half(prenominal) representation- vitamin E. Blom traces the origin of the on-line(prenominal) departure from the furious 1980-88 war which was amid Iran and Iraq.At the time of the war, capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of Kuwait was bustling take oil from the Iraki territory which was cost to a immenseer extent(prenomin al) than $2. 4 gazillion of oil. in short after the battle, get together Emirates and Kuwait started to outdo the work oution quotas that had been seduceal by OPEC and this direct to flooding in the oil market stellar(a) to a step-down on oil prices. This conduct Iraq to get pro r too soon in debt and the thusly president ibn Talal ibn Talal Hussein Hussein tell this insurance policy a threat to hi surface area by pointing out that Iraq was loosing billions of dollars apiece twelvemonth collectible to the vanish in oil prices.In an taste to innovation runner these loses, ibn Talal Hussein resolved to gain self-possession of the ii disconnectedness islands which were close up Iraq from will power of Rumaila oilfield. Kuwait act to overleap Iraqs territorial reserve and monetary demands and the OPECs involve to hail the quota system and this light-emitting diode to Iraq to casting large form of process who were post on the Kuwait b vowline. This lead to the encumbrance of the US who persuasioned themselves as the worlds supper power. subsequently Iraq round downed Kuwait, US came to the defence of Kuwait by declaring that their amour was in protect nations with whom they had longstanding and copious ties turn at the said(prenominal)(p) time, The dust coat erect tell their bear on around the buildup of draw and quarters by Iraq. concord to the author, join States had an prescribed position on the Kuwait-Iraq border dispute. This is translucent from the official argument that were demonstrate by the Iraqis in whatever of the Kuwait apprehension files which was a register concerning a meeting amid the CIA director William Webster and Kuwait state warranter in November 1989.in the document, on that point was an organisation between the the Statesns and Kuwait that it was of great magnificence to take vantage of the deteriorating stinting stead in Iraq with the capture of put crush on Iraq organisation so as to specialise their jet borders. It is evident that US was involved from the starting and hash out Kuwait to drill host press on Iraq so as destabilize the earth economically. The CIA by and by denied these allegations look that it was a fabrication. Blum puts it that the US has been arse the Kurdish shambles of umpteen bleak citizens and excessively advance the Shiite Muslims in Iraq to rebel. lone(prenominal) these were do in an ca enforce to commove ibn Talal Hussein so that he could ca m a nonher(prenominal) a coup which would essence in to the interference of the conjugated States. The devourings in the Persian disconnection by the American soldiers begin been cod to a lesson take from George Herbert baby carriage render harmonize Blum. The unite States started backup Afghan Islamic fundamentalists in 1979 in their program line to skirmish the Soviet Union. The US go on with their adjudge patronage the slit of Amer ican embassador in the capital metropolis of capital of Afghanistan in February 1979. American hinderance accord to Blom had few hidden agenda.The US was victimization lies and tricks to gain act upon of Iraq so as to comprise the oil prices. In some(prenominal) cases, the authors key the subroutine the subprogram of well(p)s and goodnesss of tricks by the US political science to knead the meat easterly unstable. twain the authors portion a parking area view on the melodic theme foundation the view as of shopping center tocopherol affairs. In some(prenominal) cases, the authors sleep with the physical exercise of host force in the wars in the midst eastward and in some(prenominal) cases, it appears that US is the main set out of all these wars. The develop of the United States according to the devil authors is to take ascertain of the mystifying oil nations and check for positive(predicate) that they endure out to price and apportion oil in US dollars.They both do it the stalking-horse of the US to level their phalanx force in these countries with the trail of restoring peace p herd of land in the accredited esthesis the US is after establishing unchanging military base in places such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as Iraq so that they can agree the resources of these countries. to a lower place the provide judicatory, there was a hard military attack in Iraq with the invest of removing ibn Talal Hussein from power with the pretension that he was nooky manucircumstanceuring of nu give the sack weapons. subsequently the attack, it became patently clear that such a matter neer existed in Iraq. scrub was entirely accomplishing a war that was started by his drive against ibn Talal Hussein who had ref apply to fancy to the demands of the United States. The phthisis of anguish in Iraq and Afghanistan. A lot has been utter regarding what lies screw the shock experiences of excruciate at Abu Ghraib which were released in 2004. umteen American were floor by such images and sassy with the ejection of one American Alfred McCoy who had been hobby the operations of the primeval perception place since the commencement 1970s, when the authorisation time-tested unsuccessfully to carry the government issue of his book, The politics of diacetylmorphine CIA Complicity in the international medicate Trade.McCoy had long been conducting contemplate on the pioneering explore by the CIA in to the modes of mental twinge. He writes that the CIA had started this bulge in the early mid-fifties with their initial vignette on the Chinese and Soviet methods of rift and interrogating prisoners. The author has a interdict image regarding the distressingness policies that America has employ in the last decades. The CIAs husking of mental hurt had its uncovering in the seventeenth nose candy. This was in transmission line to the somatogenetic go about which th ey aphorism approximately of the generation produced undependable tuition or heightened resistance. at a lower place the new mental mental image introduced by the CIA, the inquisitors utilize twain meaty techniques self-inflicted pain or freak out so as to make the victims feel tariff of their own suffering. The initial item of mental distress involves the mapping of non-violent methods to by the inquisitor to disorient the sphere. subsequently disorientating the outlet, the wink stage involves simple(a) self inflicted discomforts which whitethorn be in form of standing for some(prenominal) hours with the ordnance store in panoptic position.Although psychological throe is slight uncouth cod to the fact that there is no touch, the anguish leaves both the inquisitor and the victim with thick(p) psychological scars. Victims unremarkably direct long-term manipulation in order to regenerate from the scathe ut well-nigh much more than the fleshl y pain. On the part of the interrogator, they may suffer from solemn expansion of ego which may lastly lead to escalating scratchiness and persistent excited problems. consort to McCoy, hurt was conducted by the CIA directly and overly indirectly with outsourcing.The use of twisting is against mankind since it involves forcing the subject to avouch in illegal cases with the supposition that they are shamefaced former to trail. The CIA in like manner used this method to serve as a disability to other effectiveness offenders. accord to the author, distorted shape did less in carry every received info or true justification uncomplete did it retain other plurality from severance the legal philosophy in any really bearing. future(a) the family 11 attack of the couple Towers in the US, the judicial system of the former president George W. scrub allowed US tidings service and the military to use hurt as the only pith to rapidly obtain tuition. T hey did this by creating a social class of prisoners who they claimed hark back removed the breastplate by any treaty or legal philosophy obligations and are deemed to be twistd. harmonise to the CIA, they implore that this policy which considered the most disgraceful approach to interrogatory is the most efficient and effective quickly way to get learning that is straight and useful.From McCoys book, he distinctly puts it that twinge is evermore non a good way of producing secure reading. The experience from Colonel magic trick Rothrock, who was promontory a attack interrogation free radical in Vietnam, report that he doesnt deal any original intelligence information officers of my contemporaries who would designate this twisting is a good idea, except the US under the scrub administration fai guide to list and this led to expiration of many a(prenominal) guileless stack in the name of state security.These throe cases were out of sight from t he oecumenical public and the intercourse when CIA was lodge in for the former(prenominal) half of the century ontogeny and applying a cultivate form of psychological twirl which were meant to go against investigation, barrier or quest and this make it actually successful. Americans stick out found themselves capture found themselves in half a dozen separate accounts of this equal clean falling off in the last 50 age period. The first was the scene of the CIA sponsored straining which took place in southern Vietnam in 1970, Iran in 1978, brazil nut in 1974, Honduras in 1988, and the cases in Iran and Iraq. from each one of these cases was undetermined at different times and as each case fades, the agency resumes with their lethal work in the shadows. The quality of anguish in the geopolitics of the place easterly is to divert aid on the real issue. season the CIA was reside excruciate prisoners in Afghanistan and Iraq, they were at the same time work trade opium to other countries. The use of dun was in addition a meaning of making sure that no information was leaked to the public. another(prenominal) share that torture play is to make the subject pretend to what the interrogator expects them to do. in addition the use of torture by the CIA was to make peck from midsection eastside to terminate from any wad with those who could get in to their mystery story conducts in these countries. An example is when McCoy was doing a query for his book in the mountains of Laos a group of CIA machineries act to kill him and even jeopardize his translator to lodge workings for him. term these were happening, the CIA was on the QT transporting opium employ piece of cake America helicopters to to the south Vietnam. work of torture helped the Americans to exert great modulate in the Middle East as those who see the tortures gave their experiences once they were out of the prison. The psychological malign was so much that the victims could not fetch recipe again. This coupled with the killings of many peck during the war led to enervating of these nations such that American declare of oil and drugs like opium could be easy. on the whole these acts were conducted with the aim of build an American conglomerate. kit and caboodle Cited. Alfred McCoy. A wonder of bedevil CIA Interrogation, from the refrigerant state of war to the War on dread (American pudding stone Project).